Balochistan Train Hijacking: The 2025 Jaffar Express Crisis
Introduction
In March 2025, Pakistan faced one of its most harrowing security crises when the Jaffar Express, a passenger train traversing the rugged terrains of Balochistan, was hijacked by militants from the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA). This audacious attack not only underscored the persistent insurgency in the region but also highlighted the vulnerabilities in Pakistan's transportation and security infrastructure.
The Hijacking Incident
On March 11, 2025, the Jaffar Express departed from Quetta, heading towards Peshawar with approximately 450 passengers on board. As the train approached the Bolan Pass, militants detonated explosives on the tracks, forcing the train to halt inside Tunnel No. 8 between Pehro Kunri and Mushkaf stations. The BLA insurgents, heavily armed with rocket launchers, automatic firearms, and suicide vests, surrounded the train and took passengers hostage. They issued a 48-hour ultimatum demanding the release of Baloch political prisoners, threatening to execute hostages if their demands were not met.
Operation Green Bolan: The Rescue Mission
In response to the hijacking, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched "Operation Green Bolan," a high-stakes rescue mission that spanned two days. The operation culminated in the elimination of all 33 BLA militants and the rescue of 354 hostages. However, the confrontation resulted in significant casualties, including 64 deaths—comprising 21 passengers, 4 soldiers, and the train driver—and injuries to 38 others.
Timeline of Events
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| March 11, 2025 | Jaffar Express hijacked by BLA militants in Bolan Pass, Balochistan. |
| March 11-12, 2025 | Operation Green Bolan conducted by Pakistan Armed Forces. |
| March 12, 2025 | Rescue operation concludes; 354 hostages freed, 33 militants killed. |
| March 13, 2025 | Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif calls for national unity against terrorism. |
Political and International Reactions
The hijacking drew widespread condemnation both domestically and internationally. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif labeled the attack as a "cowardly act" and emphasized the need for national unity to combat terrorism. Pakistan's military accused foreign entities of supporting the insurgents, though specific evidence was not publicly disclosed. The United Nations, European Union, and several countries, including Russia and Belarus, condemned the attack and expressed solidarity with Pakistan.
Underlying Causes of the Insurgency
The Balochistan region has long been a hotspot for insurgent activities, primarily driven by:
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Resource Exploitation: Perceived inequitable distribution of the province's rich natural resources.
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Political Marginalization: Claims of inadequate political representation and autonomy.
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Human Rights Concerns: Allegations of enforced disappearances and military oppression.
These factors have fueled separatist sentiments and led to the formation of groups like the BLA.
Impact on Railway Operations
The hijacking severely disrupted railway services in Balochistan. Pakistan Railways temporarily suspended operations between Balochistan and other provinces. In response, authorities announced enhanced security measures, including increased patrols, surveillance drones, and closed-circuit television cameras to monitor train operations and stations.
Conclusion
The 2025 Jaffar Express hijacking stands as a stark reminder of the challenges Pakistan faces in ensuring security and addressing longstanding regional grievances. While the successful rescue operation showcased the capabilities of Pakistan's security forces, it also highlighted the need for comprehensive strategies to address the root causes of insurgency in Balochistan.
