National Mammal of the United States: The American Bison's Legacy and Significance

Introduction

The United States has long celebrated its natural symbols—from the bald eagle soaring through the skies to the iconic red, white, and blue flag. In 2016, another powerful emblem was officially added to this collection: the American bison became the National Mammal of the United States, a designation that underscored its historical, cultural, and ecological importance.

This move, widely reported by esteemed publications such as The New York Times (NYT), was seen as both a recognition of the bison’s storied past and a commitment to its future. Through legislative support, public awareness, and tribal partnerships, the bison is no longer just a relic of the past but a living symbol of American resilience.

In this blog post, we delve into the history, symbolism, conservation efforts, and cultural importance of the bison—exploring why it was chosen and what it represents for the nation today.

The Story Behind the Bison’s Recognition

Legislative Milestone

On May 9, 2016, President Barack Obama signed the National Bison Legacy Act into law, officially naming the American bison (Bison bison) as the national mammal of the United States. This act marked a turning point in public recognition of the bison’s contributions to America’s natural and cultural heritage.

The legislation was bipartisan, backed by a coalition of lawmakers, conservation groups, ranchers, and Native American tribes. As reported by The New York Times, this was more than a symbolic gesture—it was a nod to a mammal that had once roamed in the tens of millions and had been brought to the brink of extinction by overhunting and westward expansion.

Key Milestones in Bison History

Symbolism and Cultural Significance of the American Bison

A Living Symbol of the Frontier

The bison represents endurance, strength, and the spirit of the American West. These animals once thundered across the plains, shaping ecosystems and Indigenous ways of life. Their designation as a national mammal honors this deep-rooted connection and promotes awareness of their role in American history.

Unlike the bald eagle, which soars above, the bison stands on solid ground—literally and figuratively. It represents a grounded resilience that many associate with the American identity.

Indigenous Reverence

For Native American tribes, the bison is sacred. Tribes relied on bison for food, clothing, tools, shelter, and spiritual practices. The near-eradication of the bison during the 19th century was not only an environmental crisis but a devastating blow to Native cultures.

Today, many tribal nations are involved in bison restoration and see its revival as cultural revitalization. Organizations such as the InterTribal Buffalo Council have been instrumental in restoring herds to tribal lands.

Cultural and Symbolic Meanings of the Bison

1. Strength and Resilience – Surviving extinction and adapting to a changing world

2. Sustenance – Lifeblood of many Native American tribes for millennia

3. Sacredness – Considered a spiritual being in various tribal traditions

4. American Identity – A symbol of the Great Plains and the frontier era

5. Ecological Balance – A keystone species that sustains prairie ecosystems

6. Survival and Hope – Represents revival and preservation against all odds

The Bison’s Role in Ecology and Conservation

Keystone Species

The bison isn’t just a symbol—it plays an active and vital role in maintaining healthy prairie ecosystems. Its grazing patterns help promote native grasslands, its wallowing behavior creates microhabitats for insects and birds, and its presence supports biodiversity.

Unlike cattle, bison are well-adapted to harsh climates and do not require supplemental feed. Their natural migratory habits also prevent overgrazing and soil degradation.

Bison vs. Cattle – Ecological Impact Comparison

Restoration and Protection

There are currently around 500,000 bison in North America, but only a fraction are truly wild and genetically pure. Conservation efforts now focus on:

• Maintaining genetic diversity

• Protecting natural habitats

• Expanding public and tribal lands for bison herds

Notable bison preserves include:

• Yellowstone National Park

• Wind Cave National Park

• Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in Oklahoma

• National Bison Range in Montana

Public Awareness and National Recognition

NYT’s Role in Public Discourse

The New York Times, among other major media outlets, played a key role in promoting public understanding of the bison’s national designation. Its coverage contextualized the designation not just as symbolic patriotism, but as a conservation and cultural achievement.

The NYT highlighted voices from Native communities, scientists, and historians—demonstrating the interdisciplinary significance of this mammal.

Benefits of Bison’s National Mammal Status

1. Educational Value – Introduces children and students to biodiversity and history

2. Conservation Awareness – Sparks interest in protecting natural habitats

3. Tribal Partnerships – Empowers Native American involvement in land stewardship

4. Eco-Tourism – Bison preserves attract visitors, supporting local economies

5. National Unity – A shared emblem that transcends political and regional lines

Conclusion

The American bison, now the National Mammal of the United States, is a creature of great resilience, deep cultural meaning, and powerful symbolism. Its journey from near-extinction to revival is a testament to the enduring spirit of nature and humanity’s ability to protect what is sacred.

As highlighted by The New York Times, this designation is not just a tribute to the past but a commitment to the future—a future where nature, history, and identity are preserved and celebrated.

Whether you see it thundering across a plain or etched into history books, the bison remains a proud emblem of what America has been and what it strives to be: strong, diverse, and ever-enduring.

“Let the bison be not just remembered but revered—on our land, in our hearts, and in our future.”